See shawm on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "shalmuse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shalmuse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chalemel"
},
"expansion": "Old French chalemel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chalumeau"
},
"expansion": "French chalumeau",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "calamellus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin calamellus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calamus",
"4": "",
"5": "reed"
},
"expansion": "Latin calamus (“reed”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κάλαμος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caramel",
"3": "chalumeau"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of caramel and chalumeau",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calame",
"3": "calamus",
"4": "culm",
"5": "haulm",
"id3": "stem",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "calame, calamus, culm, and haulm",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English shalmuse, from Old French chalemel (modern French chalumeau), from Late Latin calamellus, from Latin calamus (“reed”), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos). Doublet of caramel and chalumeau, as well as related to calame, calamus, culm, and haulm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shawms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shawm (plural shawms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"source": "w"
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{
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musical instruments",
"orig": "en:Musical instruments",
"parents": [
"Music",
"Tools",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Technology",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Woodwind instruments",
"orig": "en:Woodwind instruments",
"parents": [
"Wind instruments",
"Musical instruments",
"Music",
"Tools",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Technology",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Catalan shawm"
},
{
"word": "shawmist"
},
{
"word": "shawmer"
},
{
"word": "still shawm"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1985, Anthony Burgess, The Kingdom of the Wicked:",
"text": "There are four flutes, a harp of twenty strings, a mournful shawm, and a number of drums of oxhide, some to be struck, others spanked.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mediaeval double-reed wind instrument with a conical wooden body."
],
"id": "en-shawm-en-noun-UcI77Egp",
"links": [
[
"double-reed",
"double-reed"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zurna"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bombarda"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "šalmaj"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schalmei"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "ŝalmo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "skalmeija"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "chalemie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schalmei"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "zournás",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ζουρνάς"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "shalmo"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seám"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zufolo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cennamella"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "zurna",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "زورنا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "szałamaja"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "caramillo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skalmeja"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "karamilyo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "zurna"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chwythgorn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shawm"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃɔːm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-shawm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shawm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shawm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shawm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shawm.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "shawm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Catalan shawm"
},
{
"word": "shawmist"
},
{
"word": "shawmer"
},
{
"word": "still shawm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "shalmuse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shalmuse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chalemel"
},
"expansion": "Old French chalemel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chalumeau"
},
"expansion": "French chalumeau",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "calamellus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin calamellus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calamus",
"4": "",
"5": "reed"
},
"expansion": "Latin calamus (“reed”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κάλαμος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caramel",
"3": "chalumeau"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of caramel and chalumeau",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calame",
"3": "calamus",
"4": "culm",
"5": "haulm",
"id3": "stem",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "calame, calamus, culm, and haulm",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English shalmuse, from Old French chalemel (modern French chalumeau), from Late Latin calamellus, from Latin calamus (“reed”), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos). Doublet of caramel and chalumeau, as well as related to calame, calamus, culm, and haulm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shawms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shawm (plural shawms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːm",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Musical instruments",
"en:Woodwind instruments"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1985, Anthony Burgess, The Kingdom of the Wicked:",
"text": "There are four flutes, a harp of twenty strings, a mournful shawm, and a number of drums of oxhide, some to be struck, others spanked.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mediaeval double-reed wind instrument with a conical wooden body."
],
"links": [
[
"double-reed",
"double-reed"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"shawm"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃɔːm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-shawm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shawm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shawm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shawm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shawm.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zurna"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bombarda"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "šalmaj"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schalmei"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "ŝalmo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "skalmeija"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "chalemie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schalmei"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "zournás",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ζουρνάς"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "shalmo"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seám"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zufolo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cennamella"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "zurna",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "زورنا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "szałamaja"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "caramillo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skalmeja"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "karamilyo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"word": "zurna"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "wind instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chwythgorn"
}
],
"word": "shawm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for shawm meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.